Indoor lighting is a form of furnishing, and a critical part of interior design. Likewise, lighting can also be an important part of landscaping. Lighting design as it applies to the built environment, also known as 'architectural lighting design', is both a science and an art. Proper comprehensive lighting design requires consideration of the amount of functional light provided, the energy consumed, as well as the aesthetic impact supplied by the lighting system.

A number of different technologies make lighting possible, including various light sources, lighting fixtures (known as luminaires), and lighting controls. Light sources include skylights, the traditional incandescent and fluorescent lamps, the newer high-intensity discharge lamps, and now LEDs that promise to change the way we light our world. Ballasts provide power to some of these light sources. Controlling the various lighting are switches, dimmers, occupancy sensors, photosensors, and even automatic systems that can reduce electric load demand when needed.

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